jackson



(No Model.) J

1 W. M. JACKSON.

INGANDESGENT BURNER. No. 249,362, r Patented Nov. 8.18i81.

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STATES PATENT OEEICE.

l WALTER n. .IAoKsON, OE P EOVIDENOE, EEODE IsLAND.

` `lNonnoESCENT Bu RN ER.

l sPEcrFIcATIoN'formmg part @cutters Patent No. 249,362, dated November s, 1881.

' application med May 27,1881. (No moan.)

To all whom it mcg/concern; f `Be it known that I, WALTER M. JACKSON, of Providence, in the county of Providence, and in theState `ot' Rhode Island, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements 1n Incandescent Burners; and I do hereby de` is specially designed to utilize for illuminating purposes the non-luminous gases, such as hydrogen, carbonio oxide, `or a mixture of such gases, the latter being known technically, as Water-gas,77 which either possess no carbon whatever, or do not contain it in such condition as to be rendered luminous when burning. My invention, however, may be employed with equal advantage in connection with the ordi` nary carbureted-hydrogen gases or hydrocarbon. vapors, when commingled with a proper equivalent of atmospheric air or oxygen sufli-p cient to effect the thorough consumption of the carbon, the burning carbon in such instances being utilized, in conjunction with thehydrogeu contained in such gases or vapors, to form a heating agent to render the substance incandescent. These objects `I attain by the apparatus illustrated in the accompanying draw ings, in which- Figure l represents a side elevation of myl improved apparatus or device; Fig. 2a detached view of the device supporting the sub-v stance to be rendered incandescent. represents a top view of the device with the substance to be rendered incandescent removed; Fig. 4, a transverse vertical sectional view of the device; Fig. 5, a modification of my inventiomshowing a number of burners grouped together; and Fig. 6 represents a modification of my invention applied to an ordinary gas-burner. l

The letter A indicates an angular hollow shell, which is-provided with a narrow slot or opening, B, at its top, and at its bottom with Fig. 3v

a `tubular extension, C, screw-'threaded internally for the reception of an externally screwresponding with the apertures in the extension, so that by turning the sleeve the quantity of air admitted to the device may be regulated with accuracy. y

At each side, at the top of the device, the slot B is contracted, forming a seat for the rectangular cross bar or tie E. to the ends of which 'are secured the vertical standards F, which support the material to be rendered 1ncandescent. This cross-bar serves the double purpose ot' supporting the standards'F and of dividing the opening or slot B, so as to permit lhegas or vapor to issue at each side. The standards taper upwardly and are grooved' at intervals for the reception of the substance to be renderedincandescent. This substance I have found by practical experience to consist, preferably, ot' line platinum, iridium, silver, or gold wire, or other material that will not oXidize at high temperatures. In order to secure the proper incandcsceuce the'wires have to be so exceedinglyne that they have tobe artificiallysupported,`and in order to get the full effect of the flame it is necessary that they should be stretched in straightlines between the supports. The wire is wrapped successively in the grooves in the standards, one turn entirely around the standard being given at each groove, in order to prevent the wire from loosening at its supports and sagging or droppingunder the inliuence of the intense heat necessary to render itiucandescent. The wire is so arranged upon the standards as to form two vertical series, one extending over each of the openings in the divided slot at the top ot.' the -shell A. Owing to the tapering form of the said standards, it

will be evident that the wires of the two series will successively approach toward. the top of roo said standards, and thus be subjected to the proper action of the flame without interfering with each other.

I have so disposed the wires, as above mentioned ,for thereason that it is a Well-known fact that all ames are hollow, and if the wire were placed directly in the center of the llame it would only become partially incandescent. For this reason the device is constructed so as to only produce a very thin flame, andthe wires are arranged, as before mentioned, slightlyout ot' line vertically, so as to create a crosscutting of the fiame,` thereby exposing the wires to the solid parts of the flame, and notte the hollow space. By experience I have discovered that the ner the wire the more brilliant will be the light 5 but when constructed of the fineness necessary to brilliant illumination it` will be relaxed by the intense heat if unsup` ported properly,andhence I employthe standt ards above mentioned. A -wire about f ive onethousandths of an inch has been found to aliswer well in practice; it' materially larger, the.

line within another with the proper heating-Y and with a suitable induction for such gas or flames, as indicated in the drawings.

The incandescence may be increased by meansof a chimney applied over the device,l and when the pressure of gas or vaporis slight one or more gas-jet tubes may be employed vto increase the draft through the device.

The cross bar or tie supporting the standards carryingthe vi ires, being removable, may be detached it' the wires become injured,and ay structed the incandescent material has been not fully utilized. Such'burners have also beenl made in which the incandescent material is in the form of a hollow basket designedto inclose the flame, and combined with spongy or othcrffinelydivided platinum. Such construction tends to break up the flame and thelcontinuity of the shell, which would practically defeat the object I seek. The inclosing-basket has also been made to correspond approximately with the shape of the flame produced by a bat-wing burner, but the incandescent material has not been so arranged as to fallin line with theouter shell of the flame throughout from the bottom to the top of the flame. Such arrangement forms the gist of' myinventio'n, and hence I Vdo not desire to claim a burner provided With incandescent material arranged to fallwithin the flame, broadly; nor do I seek to claim a burner provided with a basket ot' incandescent material having the general conformation of the flame produced and inclosi'ng the saine.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. An incandescent burner consisting of a series of tine wires or other incandescent material, suitably supported and arranged in straight lilies, so as to fall in the outer shell of the flame, and in a series gradually approaching from the bottom to the top, substantially as specified.

2. In combination with the incandescent material, suitable artificial supports 'for the same, whereby it-is properly held in the flame of a burner, substantially as specified.

3. In combination with a hollow shell provided With a narrow opening or slot at the top for the escape of the gas or vapor to beburned,

vapor, the dividing bar or tie and the standards f'or snpportingithe -substance to be .ren-

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loW ame, so as to be rendered thoroughly incandescent, substantially as specified.

5. In combination with the hollow shell and the standards and wires attached thereto, the perforated extension and perforated sleeve, and the gas or vapor jet projecting into said extension, whereby a current of air may be commingled with the gases or vaporsto be burned, substantially as and for thevpnrposes specified.

6. In combination with the hollow casing, having a narrow opening at the topandsuitable seats at each side, the removable crossbar, and standards-for supportingthewiresto be rendered incandescent, whereby the ,parts are adapted to be separated for thepurposes of repairs, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof' I affix my signature, in presence of two witnesses, this 25th day of May, 1881.

WALTER MARSH JACKSON. Witnesses:

G. E. WADswoRTH, R. B. LAWRENCE.

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